M23 Rebels Expand Control in Goma Amid Calls for Ceasefire from Rwanda

M23 rebels, backed by Rwanda, have captured significant areas in Goma, eastern Congo, leading to a humanitarian crisis and displacement. Rwandan President Kagame has called for a ceasefire, emphasizing the need to address the conflict’s root causes. As civilians suffer amidst the violence, skepticism remains over the rebels’ withdrawal and the ability to achieve lasting peace in the region.

On January 28, 2025, M23 rebels, supported by Rwanda, intensified their control in eastern Congo, capturing significant areas in Goma, including the airport, according to United Nations reports. Amidst missile attacks, residents sought refuge as thousands fled, leading to overwhelmed hospitals and chaos in the city. Although government forces retained pockets of control, the M23 claimed to have captured the city after weeks of advance, contributing to a humanitarian crisis. The conflict situation escalated with growing fatalities and the displacement of people amidst widespread violence, placing civilians at risk and threatening law and order.

Rwandan President Paul Kagame emphasized the urgency of a ceasefire, stating the need to address the longstanding roots of the conflict. Despite Rwanda’s denial of aiding the M23 amidst U.N. reports of Rwandan troop presence in Congo, Kagame’s government has accused the Congolese authorities of supporting Hutu rebels linked to the 1994 genocide. Additionally, Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe suggested that negotiations with the M23 are crucial for resolving the ongoing crisis, highlighting the complex dynamics between the two nations.

The M23 rebel group, predominantly composed of ethnic Tutsis, aims to establish governance in Goma to facilitate normalcy for the residents and allow displaced individuals to return home. Analysts express skepticism about the withdrawal of M23 forces, recalling their previous capture of Goma in 2012, which ended only after a brief occupation. Murithi Mutiga from the Crisis Group noted Rwanda’s increasing influence and dissatisfaction over perceived neglect of its regional interests by Congo, exacerbating the situation.

The M23 rebel group emerged amid the intricate geopolitical landscape of eastern Congo, a region rich in minerals yet plagued by conflict. Their activities are rooted in ethnic tensions, particularly involving the Tutsi and Hutu communities, harking back to the 1994 Rwandan genocide and its aftermath. Over the years, the area has become a battleground for various armed groups, with Rwanda often accused of intervening in Congo’s internal affairs, which complicates prospects for peace and stability.

The situation in eastern Congo remains dire as M23 rebels extend their control in Goma, leading to a humanitarian crisis. Calls for a ceasefire from Rwandan leadership underline the urgency to address the conflict’s underlying causes. While the M23 intends to establish governance to restore order, the complexity of the regional dynamics and the historical context may inhibit effective resolutions. Increased instability poses substantial challenges for both Congolese authorities and displaced populations.

Original Source: apnews.com